matura 2021 arkusz pr

This speaker mentions
A.an amusing solution to a break in water supply.
B. a wedding planner’s mistake that resulted in a disaster.
C.damage to a wedding venue which happened shortly before the reception.
D. a wedding planner’s idea rejected by the bride and groom.
E. the reason for the unappealing look of a wedding gift.
2.1. Wypełnij lukę 1 z 4

2.2. Wypełnij lukę 2 z 4

2.3. Wypełnij lukę 3 z 4

2.4. Wypełnij lukę 4 z 4

4.1. the overall duration of the unusual phenomenon? Wypełnij lukę 1 z 4
4.2. risky behaviour motivated by curiosity? Wypełnij lukę 2 z 4
4.3.what caused the Niagara Falls to dry up? Wypełnij lukę 3 z 4
4.4.the negative impact of the small amount of water in the river? Wypełnij lukę 4 z 4

THE DAY THE NIAGARA FALLS STOPPED FLOWING

A. In 1848, the Niagara Falls were already a tourist attraction, and villages had grown up on both the U.S. and Canadian sides of the river to accommodate the crowds of sightseers. But on March 29th, shortly before midnight, a farmer who had gone out for a stroll noticed that something was wrong. When he went to the edge of the Niagara River, he saw hardly any water. At dawn on March 30th, people awoke to an unusual silence. The mighty Niagara was just a trickle. Fish were dying. Turtles and other creatures living in the river were clumsily working their way through the mud. People walked on the exposed river bed, eager to discover what had been hidden below the water surface, ignoring the fact they might be swept away if the water suddenly started flowing. They picked up old daggers and tomahawks as souvenirs.

B. . No one knew why the falls had stopped flowing. The telegraph was still a new invention. Railroads already served towns on both sides of the river, but the tracks were unreliable, and Buffalo, the nearest big city, was three hours away even when the trains ran on time. Yet it was from Buffalo that the first news about the problem eventually arrived. It turned out that strong southwest winds had pushed huge chunks of ice to the north-eastern tip of Lake Erie which blocked the water flow and created an ice dam.

C. When water stopped flowing on March 29th, people started coming from nearby cities and towns to see what had happened. No water flowed over the falls all day on March 30th and throughout the daylight hours of March 31st. But that night, a distant low-pitched noise came from upriver. It got nearer and louder. Suddenly, a wall of water came down the upper Niagara River and over the falls with a giant thunder. The river was running again.

adapted from www.niagarafrontier.com

25 PLACES THAT SHAPE YOUR LIFE

Some people are always out, going to concerts, restaurant openings, you name it. They never fall into a predictable leisure routine! Or so it seems. However, according to a new study, everyone has a set of places they return to regularly. Twenty-five of them, to be precise. 5.1. Wypełnij lukę 1 z 4 With the use of GPS their whereabouts were mapped throughout the day. The study showed that although the students often visited new spots, they spent most of their time in roughly 25 places that they returned to repeatedly. They weren’t always frequent visitors, but they were regular enough.

This behaviour seemed linked to university life when students are relatively campus-bound. 5.2. Wypełnij lukę 2 z 4 Again, to their surprise, it turned out that visiting 25 places on a regular basis seemed to be an unwritten rule for all of them. People didn’t show up in more locations when they had more free time to explore, or fewer when they had less. What the number of places they went to correlated with was the number of friends they had. More friends translated into slightly more places visited.

These results by no means suggest that we don’t incorporate new places into our routines. We do! All the time! 5.3. Wypełnij lukę 3 z 4 This may suggest that humans simply don’t have the mental capacity for much more than 25 places. This finding could have implications for how cities are designed or how governments manage epidemics. 5.4. Wypełnij lukę 4 z 4 After all, if you can only be a regular in 25 places, it’s worth selecting them carefully. Companies are constantly investing in offices encouraging creativity and collaboration and people have to start to think about the spaces they visit outside of work in the same way, seeking out layouts and amenities that help them feel their best.

adapted from https://curiosity.com

A. But when the researchers scaled up the study to 40,000 people from all over the world with different kinds of lifestyles, they found the exact same thing.
B. When we change university, for example, the number of places on our mental list can increase to 30 or even 40.
C. It could also have an influence on how people think about their personal choices.
D.Initially, the research carried out in the UK and Denmark involved a relatively small group of 850 university students.
E. We change neighbourhoods, try new restaurants, and so forth, but for every new pizza place we discover, an old favourite gets abandoned.

RED DIDN’T ALWAYS MEAN STOP!

In the world of signals, it’s an undisputed fact that red means stop. From red traffic lights to the stop sign itself, the colour red 7.1. Wypełnij lukę 1 z 4 the drivers’ attention and sends them a message to hit the brakes. But you probably don’t know that the stop sign has only been red for about seventy years. The first one erected in Detroit in 1915 was white, with the word STOP in black letters. 7.2. Wypełnij lukę 2 z 4 1954 that the sign became red with white letters.
In the early 20th century, stop signs weren’t any specific colour or shape, which confused drivers. In 1922, the American Association of State Highway Officials (AASHO) decided on standardisation and introduced the sign’s octagonal shape. This unique eight-sided shape was chosen 7.3. Wypełnij lukę 3 z 4 . drivers who saw the back of the sign were aware that oncoming drivers had a stop sign. The shape could also be identified easily at night, since the original signs were not reflective.

At the same time, the AASHO also considered making stop signs red, but, back then, there was no red dye that wouldn’t
7.4. Wypełnij lukę 4 z 4 over time. They were yellow for the following thirty years. In 1954, sign makers began using special porcelain enamel and achieving a long-lasting red colour was no longer a problem.

adapted from www.rd.com

7.1.
A. pays
B. gives
C. pushes
D. draws
7.2.
A. No wonder it was
B. It wasn’t back in
C.It wasn’t until
D. No later than in
7.3.
A. in case
B.so that
C.in order to
D.such as
7.4.
A. fade
B. pass
C. leave
D.decline

HOW TO GET A STAR ON THE HOLLYWOOD WALK OF FAME?

In theory anyone can apply to have a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame in one of five categories: film, TV, radio, recording and theatre performance. But, in fact, it’s not as simple as 8.1. Wypełnij lukę 1 z 4 First, a candidate has to be nominated. Nominations can be submitted by anyone, from publicists and fans 8.2. Wypełnij lukę 2 z 4 celebrities themselves. Next, the nominee must sign a form stating that they want a star, and that they will attend the unveiling ceremony. If the application 8.3. Wypełnij lukę 3 z 4 accepted, whoever did the nominating needs to pay a fee of $30,000. The Chamber of Commerce claims that half of the fee goes into creating the star, while the 8.4. Wypełnij lukę 4 z 4 half is used for its maintenance. Interestingly, some of our favourite A-listers – like Julia Roberts, Clint Eastwood, Denzel Washington, and Al Pacino – don’t have a star.

adapted from www.businessinsider.com

9.1.Your car is making strange noises. A mechanic should check it.
HAVE
Your car is making strange noises. You should Wypełnij lukę 1 z 4 by a mechanic.

9.2.When you are working on so many assignments at the same time, you will probably make mistakes.
LIKELY
When you are working on so many assignments at the same time, mistakes Wypełnij lukę 2 z 4 happen.

9.3. My father never thought that someone would reveal his secret.
CROSSED
It never Wypełnij lukę 3 z 4 that his secret would be revealed.

9.4. We couldn’t do anything to help John in that situation. He insisted on sorting it out on his own.
NOTHING
There was Wypełnij lukę 4 z 4 to help John in that situation. He insisted on sorting it out on his own..